Cell Organelles
By: Kemi Odumosu
Plasma or Cell Membrane
Structure:
Double layer of phospholipids that surround a cell
Function:
Holds in fluids and organelles
Present in:
Both animal and plant cells
Cell Wall
Structure:
Located on the outside of the cell, made of phospholipids
Function:
Protection of the cell, like a shield or wall
Present in:
Plant cells
Cytoplasm
Structure:
Cytosol (liquid) and organelles
Function:
Holds cells and organelles
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Nucleus
Structure:
A spherical organelle enclosed in a membrane
Function:
Control center of the cell, holds DNA
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Nuclear Membrane
Structure:
Double lipid bilayer membrane in cytosol, usually surrounded by the ER
Function:
Protect the nucleus
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Nucleolus
Structure:
Made of proteins and RNA, largest structure in a nucleus
Function:
Produces ribosomes
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Centrioles
Structure:
A ring of 9 groups of microtubes
Function:
Produces spindle fibers for mitosis (cell reproduction)
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Chromatin
Structure:
Located in the nucleus, Made of (stringy) DNA, proteins, and RNA
Function:
Package DNA smaller, Reinforce the DNA for mitosis, Prevent DNA damage, Control genes and DNA replication
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Ribosomes
Structure:
Pockets of DNA and proteins
Function:
Produce proteins
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Golgi Apparatus
Structure:
Looks like stacks of water balloon pancakes
Function:
Packages proteins into vesicles
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Structure:
Branches off from the outer membrane and zigzags through the cytoplasm
Function:
Transports material throughout cell
Smooth ER-Transition area where chemicals (like proteins) manufactured in the cell are stored until transport
Rough ER-Gets its name from the ribosomes, which aid in protein synthesis
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Mitochondria
Structure:
Shaped like a kidney bean, about the size of bacteria
Function:
"Powerhouse" of the cell, Produces ATP
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Chloroplast
Structure:
Green, surrounded by inner and outer membrane
Function:
Conduct photosynthesis
Present in:
Plant cells
Lysosomes
Structure:
Contains enzymes, found in cytoplasm
Function:
Produces enzymes to help discard cellular waste
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Peroxisomes
Structure:
Membrane-bound pockets of oxidative enzymes
Function:
Converts fatty acids to sugar
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells
Vacuole
Structure:
Membrane-bound sac in the cytoplasm
Function:
Stores food, nutrients, water, ions, waste products, ect.
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells (but larger in plants)
Cytoskeleton
Structure:
Made of special protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm
Function:
Helps maintain cell shape and structure
Present in:
Both plant and animal cells