English Civil Wars
(1940-1960)
The Bishops Wars
The bishops war took place from (1640-1642). It was the turn of events in Scotland. Charles was determined to bring the scots to heel. However the Scottish rebels became known forcing the king to sign a peace treaty in berwick (June 18, 1639). On Aug. 20, 1640, the Covenanters invaded England for the second time, and in a spectacular military campaign they took Newcastle following the Battle of Newburn (August 28). A new parliament, which no one dreamed would sit for the next 20 years, assembled at Westminister on Nov. 3, 1640, and immediately called for the impeachment of Wentworth, who by now was the Earl of Strafford. The lengthy trial at Westminster, ending with Strafford’s execution on May 12, 1641, was orchestrated by Protestants and Catholics from Ireland, by Scottish Covenanters, and by the king’s English opponents, especially the leader of Commons, John Pym-effectively highlighting the importance of the connections between all the Stuart kingdoms at this critical junction.
The first English Civil War (1642–46)
The first major battle fought on English soil—the Battle of Edgehill (October 1642)—quickly demonstrated that a clear advantage was enjoyed by neither the Royalists (also known as the Caaliers) or the Parliamentarians (also known as the Roundheads). By the end of 1642 each had armies of between 60,000 and 70,000 men in the field. Charles, with his headquarters in Oxford, enjoyed support in the north and west of England, in Wales, and (after 1643) in Ireland. Parliament controlled the much wealthier areas in the south and east of England together with most of the key ports and, critically, London, the financial capital of the kingdom. In order to win the war, Charles needed to capture London, and this was something that he consistently failed to do. Yet Charles prevented the Parliamentarians from smashing his main field army. The result was an effective military stalemate until the triumph of the Roundheads at the Battle of Marston Moor (July 2, 1644).
The Second and Third English Civil War (1648-51)
While the Scottish Covenanters had made a significant contribution to Parliament’s victory in the first English Civil War, during the second (1648) and third English Civil Wars (1650–51) they supported the king. On Dec. 26, 1647, Charles signed an agreement (known as the Engagement) with a number of leading Covenanters. In return for the establishment of Presbyterianism in England for a period of three years, the Scots promised to join forces with the English Royalists and restore the king to his throne. Early in July 1648, a Scottish force invaded England, but the parliamentary army routed it at the Battle of Preston (August 17). The execution of Charles I in January 1649 merely served to galvanize Scottish (and Irish) support for the king’s son, Charles ll, who was crowned king of the Scots at Scone, near Perth, on Jan. 1, 1651. As it was, this war was largely fought on Scottish soil. Oliver Cromwell and his new army were invading Scotland in July 1650. Even though they were routed to the Battle of Dunbar (Sept. 3, 1650), which Cromwell thought of "one of the most signal mercies God hath done for England and his people," the scots managed to raise another army that made a great dash into England. Cromwell's resounding victory at Worcester (Sept. 3, 1651) and Charles ll's subsequent flight to France not only gave Cromwell control over England but also effectively ended the wars of the three kindoms.
Charles I
Charles was the cause of The English War because he wouldn't let parliament meet and this made people rebel because they voted for parliament and parliament couldn't do there job.
Charles ll
Charles ll took over after Charles l. Charles was a monarch and was Catholic. Charles ll was the last Habsburg ruler of Spain. He died in 1700 and he was also airless.
Parliament
A group of people that were rebelling and weren't aloud to meet by King Charles l rules. The English civil wars were based on the King and parliament going at it (fighting).
Summary
The bishops wars were the start of everything in the English civil wars. The wars were started because King Charles l wouldn't let parliament meet and so they fought ( King vs. rebellion). The first civil war was the first major battle on English soil. The second and third civil war was when King Charles l was executed and his son Charles ll became King.